That's an excellent and often overlooked question! Yes, urban trash cans in public spaces absolutely must meet specific ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) requirements. They're considered "fixed elements" under the ADA Standards for Accessible Design. The key requirements focus on making them usable for people with mobility disabilities, particularly those using wheelchairs.
Primarily, it's about the "reach range." For a side-reach approach (when you approach from the side), the operable parts of the receptacle—like the opening to deposit trash or a handle—must be no higher than 48 inches from the ground. If there's a forward approach, the maximum height is 54 inches. There also needs to be clear floor space in front of or beside the can—at least 30 by 48 inches—that is level and stable for a wheelchair to maneuver into position. The force required to open any lid or mechanism should be minimal (under 5 pounds of force is a common guideline).
So, while a simple open-top can might seem accessible, many modern designs with swinging lids or special openings must be carefully installed. Cities and designers are increasingly specifying "ADA-compliant" waste receptacles to ensure everyone can independently use this basic public amenity. It's a small but crucial detail in creating truly inclusive urban environments.