That's an excellent and very practical question! The short answer is: it depends entirely on the material your trash can is made from. Using the wrong cleaner can damage the finish, cause discoloration, or even weaken the structure.
For most common plastic bins (polyethylene or polypropylene), mild dish soap and warm water are best. Harsh chemicals like bleach, strong acids, or industrial degreasers can break down the plastic polymers over time, making it brittle and prone to cracking, especially under sun exposure.
However, stainless steel or powder-coated metal cans generally have much higher chemical resistance. They can typically handle diluted bleach solutions or common disinfectants without issue. Always check the manufacturer's label first! A good rule is to avoid abrasive scrubs and opt for a soft brush with a gentle, pH-neutral cleaner. Rinsing thoroughly with water after cleaning is crucial to remove any residue.
Ultimately, the goal is to clean effectively without shortening your can's lifespan. For tough jobs, pre-soaking and mechanical scrubbing are often safer than reaching for the strongest chemical solution.