That's an excellent and practical question! As someone who's dealt with both freezing winters and scorching summers, I can tell you that the performance of outdoor trash cans in extreme weather largely depends on their construction material.
For extreme cold, heavy-duty plastic bins (like those made from HDPE or resin) generally perform well. They remain flexible and are less prone to cracking in sub-zero temperatures compared to cheap, thin plastics. However, they can become brittle if impacted when very cold. Metal cans, especially galvanized steel or aluminum, are extremely cold-resistant but the lids and mechanisms can sometimes freeze shut. A pro tip is to apply a silicone spray to rubber seals and hinges before winter.
In intense heat and direct sunlight, the material choice is crucial. Dark-colored plastic bins can soften, warp, or fade over time. UV-resistant plastics are a must for hot climates. Metal cans get extremely hot to the touch and can potentially transfer heat to contents inside. Powder-coated or enamel-finished metals offer better heat and sun resistance than plain versions.
The real champions are commercial-grade bins designed for municipal use. They often use rotational-molded polyethylene, which has excellent temperature stability. Regardless of material, avoid moving or emptying a bin when it's at temperature extremes, as this is when they're most vulnerable to damage. With proper selection and a little seasonal care, a good quality outdoor trash can should reliably withstand years of seasonal changes.