Short answer: yes, a few exist, but they are not common yet. Most urban trash cans that separate compost from landfill waste are still dual-stream bins that rely on people to choose the right slot. You will see them in parks, airports, campuses, and zero-waste pilot areas, but they usually do not sort the waste automatically.
There are some smart public bins with sensors, AI cameras, or internal compartments that can help guide disposal, detect contamination, or compact waste. A few pilot models can even identify and route items into different internal bins. However, fully automatic compost-versus-landfill separation at the street level is still rare. The main barriers are cost, maintenance, contamination, and public behavior. Compost streams are especially sensitive to plastic, glass, and other non-compostable items, so cities tend to be cautious about automated public bins.
Most true automatic waste sorting happens at sorting facilities and commercial composting sites, not inside sidewalk trash cans. For now, the most realistic urban setup is a well-designed public bin with clear labels, separate compost and landfill compartments, and smart features that encourage better sorting rather than fully replace it. So if you are asking whether automatic compost/landfill urban trash cans exist, the honest answer is: they do in limited pilots and niche settings, but they are not yet a standard city solution.