That's a great and often overlooked question regarding public space design. The primary regulations in the United States come from the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design. For outdoor trash receptacles, the key is ensuring they don't obstruct accessible routes and are usable by everyone.
The main rules focus on placement and operation. If a trash can is placed along an accessible route—like a sidewalk or pathway—it must maintain a minimum clear width of 36 inches for passage. There should also be a clear ground space of at least 30 by 48 inches in front of it for a wheelchair to approach. For bins with operable parts, like a foot pedal or a lid that must be lifted, the operating mechanism must be within "reach range" (between 15 and 48 inches high) and not require more than 5 pounds of force to operate. While the standards don't mandate a specific height for the opening itself, best practice is to ensure the throw opening is between 30 and 36 inches from the ground for ease of use.
Essentially, the goal is to integrate waste disposal seamlessly into the public realm without creating barriers. This means careful planning of where bins are located and selecting designs that are easy for individuals with mobility or strength limitations to use. Always consult the latest local building codes alongside the ADA standards, as some municipalities may have additional requirements.